Riveting-machine.



.No. 785,940. PATENTED MAR. 28, 1905. G. H. PENTON. .RIVETING MACHINE.

APY LIOATION FILED APB. 30,1904. I

2 BEBETBSHEET 1.

PATENTED MAR. 28, 1905.

0. H. FBNTON. RIVETING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

NTTED STATES Patented March 28, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES H. FENTON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE N. K. FAIRBANKCOMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

RIVETING-IVIACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 785,940, dated March28, 1905.

Application filed April 30, 1904. Serial No. 205,749.

To (1.7]. whom, it 'm/(ty concern.- 4

Be it known that I, CHARLEs H. FeN'roN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Riveting-Machines; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

This invention relates to improvements in riveting-machines and to animproved riveting-hammer for use in such machines; and the inventionconsists in the matters hereinafter set forth, and more particularlypointed out in the appended claims.

As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of ariveting-machine embody ing my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of thetable and feeding mechanism. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the partsshown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken on line 44E of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the hammer. Fig. 6 is abottom plan view thereof. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail of the hammer.Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a pail-blank, showing the bail-earsthereon. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary section taken through a pail-wall andbail-ear, showing the ear fastened in place.

The machine herein shown has been designed more especially for attachingto the flat sheet-metal blank of a pail-wall before the blank is formedto constitute the pail the bailears by which the bail is looselyconnected or hinged to the pail, of such a construction, for

instance, as is shown in the pending application of Frederick H.Brennan, Serial No. 173,945, filed September 21, 1903, but may beadapted for other riveting-work.

The form of bail-ear shown in the aforesaid application and the mannerof attaching the same to the wall of the pail are shown more clearly inFig. 9. Said bail-ear A consists of an oblong hollow or cup-shaped part,preferably made of sheet metal and arranged at its open side to lit in adepression 5 in the wall B of the pail, and the ear is attached to saidpail-wall by means of a rivet A, extending through the wall of the pailand the outer wall or side of the bail-ear. Said bail-ear is providedwith an aperture (/1 to receive the bail. Both bail-ears of a pail areattached to the blank from which the pail is afterward formed while theblank is spread flat, the headed rivets being passed upwardly throughthe blank and bail-ear and extending a distance above the ear. Theextended part a of the rivet is thereafter upset or clenched down overthe bail-ear. Inasmuch as that portion of the rivet in the space betweenthe pailwall and the outer side of the bail-ear is unsupported at itssides diiiiculty has heretofore been experienced in properly rivetingorupsetting the end a of the rivet without effecting a contraction orshortening of" the rivet or a lateral bending thereof to anobjectionable extent, or, more specilicall y, if the rivet be made ofsufficiently soft material to enable the end to be readily upset orclenched it is likely to be bent or shortened in the manner described,and if made sufiiciently hard to resist such shortening or bendingtendency it is so hard as to prevent the same from being readilyclenched in place. The machine herein illustrated has been devised toupset said rivet and at the same time avoid the objections heretoforenoted.

One of the principal features of themachine herein shown, by which thesedifiiculties are overcome, consists in providing the rivetingface of therivetinghammer with a plurality of closely-spaced projections or teeth,which act, when the hammer strikes the rivet, to mutilate the end of therivet in such manner that the rivet may be readily upset or spread toform the proper-shape finished head. Said teeth may be formed by scoringthe rivetingface of the hammer in a crisscross manner, as shown in Fig.6. In the organized machine the hammer and work are relatively movableduring the riveting operation, so that said teeth or projections of thehammer at different blows thereof strike the rivet at different places,so that said teeth have the effeet to mutilate and spread the end of therivet outwardly over the face of the ear or other part which is beingriveted. Desirably the hammer is made of oblong shape, and the work iscarried beneath the hammer through the medium of a suitable feedingmechanism, and the hannner strikes the rivet a number of times while thework is passing thereunder, so as to insure the proper spreading andclenching of the rivet. If the work is of such nature as to require afinished appearance, the oblong hammer is preferably provided at its endwhich last strikes the rivet with a plain face, which has an effect instriking the rivet one or more times to smooth or give finish to theupset head. The riveting-face of the hammer is made tapering, being madegradually deeper from the end which first strikes the rivet toward itsother end, so that as the rivet is shortened by reason of the clenchingor upsetting operation the hammer, which usually has a definite lengthof stroke, strikes the rivet with uniform force at each blow.

Referring now to the structural details of the machine hereinillustrated for effectii'ig the clenching operation in accordance withthe mode hereinabove briefly outlined, the said machine is made asfollows:

C designates a press-stand upon which the operative parts of the machineare supported and which may be made of any suitable form or shape.Attached to said stand is a bracket D, consisting of a horizontal tableD, a vertical web or plate D by which the bracket is attached to thefront face of the stand through the medium of bolts or screws (Z, and atriangular brace D.

E E designate upper and lower feed-rollers, one pair located at eachside of the table I), with their lines of contact substantially in theplane of the upper face of the table. The shafts of said rollers aremounted in bearing-blocks E E which latter are located in verticalguides or ways in bearing-brackets D, extending upwardly from the tableD at the corners thereof. The upper rollers are pressed toward the lowerrollers to insure proper feeding engagement by means of springs 0, thatare interposed between the caps of said bearing-ln'ackets and the upperbearing-boxes. The shaft of one of the rollers is provided with a pulleyE, which is adapted to be driven by a belt directed from an overheadshaft. E designates a second pulley fixed to the same shaft, and thecorresponding shaft at the other side of the table is provided with alike pulley E Motion is transmitted from the pulley E to the pulley Ethrough the medium of a belt E, Fig. 1. The rollers of each pair aregeared together at the ends thereof remote from the belt-pulleys bymeans of gear-wheels E E, whereby the feed-rollers are driven at equalperipheral speed.

D designates a bed-plate or anvil, which is located in a suitabledepression in the table and made of metal harder than the table, and

said anvil D cooperates with the hammer F, hereinafter to be described,in effecting the proper riveting operation, said plate serving as anabutment against which said hammer acts in the riveting or clenchingoperation. Said anvil D extends a distance beyond the advance feed-rollsof the machine, or that which first receives the blank B, and issupported at its extended end upon an extensiontable D of any suitableconstruction, the upper face of which extension-table is located at theplane of the upper face of the anvil.

The hammer F is shown in detail in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 and consists of aflat riveting portion f and acentral ribf on the side remote from theriveting-face by which it is attached to the actuating mechanism, givingto the entire tool a T-shape cross-section. The hammer is attached inany suitable manner to a reciprocating plunger G, which slidesvertically in suitable guides g of the press-stand. As herein shown, thelower end of said plunger is provided with a groove which receives therib f of the hammer. The upper end of said reciprocating plunger isloosely connected with or hinged to a pitman G, which is connected atits upper end with the crank C of a horizontal shaft G which is mountedin upwardlyextending arms of the pressstand. Said shaft is provided witha d rivingpulley 0 and with a fly-Wheel 0 The hammer is locatedvertically over and is parallel with the bed-plate and is made of alength but slightly less than the distance between the feeding-rollers EE, as herein shown. The riveting-face of the hammer consists of twoprincipal portionsf' f as herein shown,the former being made roughenedto constitute teeth or projections (shown enlarged in Fig. 6) and thelatter being made plain to constitute a finishing-surface. Theriveting-face of said tool is made inclined, it being made shallower atits end which first has contact with the rivet than at the other orfinishing end. thereof. The actuating mechanism for the tool describedis such that the length of blows imparted to the tool are uniform orequal, and the taper given to the face of the tool is such that theforce of the blows on the rivet are uniform, nothwithstanding theshortening of the rivet at each blow.

The blank or sheet of tin from which a pail is to be formed, with thetwo bail-ears fitted in the depressions therein and the rivets extendingupwardly through the blank and ears, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, is fedend wise from the table D to the feed-rolls and is by said rollsadvanced over the table .D with one ear in advance of the other, and theparts of the sheet to which the ears and rivets are attached are locatedover the anvil and beneath the hammer, so that said anvil shall resistthe blows of the riveting-hammer. The feedrollers are provided withgrooves or cut-away portions 0 made of suflicient depth to permit thebail-ears and depressions in the blank which receive the ears to passtherethrough in the travel of the sheet or blank. The table D isprovided with gage-bars D by which the sheet is guided through themachine, and said gage-bars are fixed to the table by means of bolts (Z(Z extending through the bars and short transverse slots in the table.Said slots enable the gage-bars to be adjusted to sheets or blanks ofvarying Widths.

In order to hold the ears in place before the riveting operation hasbegun, a guide H is located over the anvil, beneath which the ears pass.Said guide is supported above the anvil by means of arms H H H theformer attached to the edge of the extension of the anvil and to whichthe guide is affixed and the latter attached to the table D by means ofthe bolts d, by which one of the gage-bars is held in place. The guideis preferably made of wire and is affixed to said arms in any suitablemanner. The guide H is located a distance inside the margin of the anvilin the extended portion of said anvil, but is offset outwardly after itpasses beneath the feed-roller (the guide passing between the rollers atthe grooves c) to bring the guide out of the path of the hammer.

The operation of the machine will be obvious from the foregoing, but maybe briefly recapitulated as follows: The blank B is laid on theextension-table with the recesses 7) upward and the ears fitted thereinand with the rivets A extending upwardly therethrough. Thereafter theblank is fed between the feedrolls, with the ears over the extension ofthe anvil and beneath the guide H. The feedrollers carry the blankforwardly, and after i blank the ears pass the first pair of feed-rollsthe rivets are brought under the influence of the hammer, which israpidly reciprocated by its actuating mechanism. As the work is fedbeneath the hammer the rivet is struck a number of times, depending uponthe speed of advance movement of the blank B and the speed ofreciprocation of the hammer. The teeth or projections of the hammerupset or clench the rivet in the manner described by its repeated blows,and the clenched end of the rivet is finished or smoothed by the plainpart of the hammerface. The mode of feeding the to the hammer brings onerivet under the hammer at a time, the blank advancing after one rivethas been clenched, so as to pass the other ear and rivet thereunder tofasten the last-mentioned ear in place. The distance between the twopairs of rollers at the opposite sides of the machine is such that theadvance margin of the blank will be gripped by the pair of rollers atthe rear side of the table before the rollers at the front side thereofrelease the rear margins of said blank, thus insuring anautomatically-continuous movement of the blank through the machine.

The machine herein shown or modifications thereof may obviously beemployed for riveting together other parts, and the structural detailsthereof may be correspondingly changed. In some instances, as where therivet is laterally supported or closely surrounded throughout itslength, the roughening of the hammerface may be omitted and the entireface ma'de plain. The adaptation of the machine to the work hereinreferred to has been explained to enable the operation of the machine tobe clearly understood.

I claim as my invention- 1. A riveting-machine comprising an anvil, ahammer located above the anvil and means for rapidly reciprocating saidhammer toward and from the anvil, said anvil and hammer having flatopposing faces and constructed and arranged to permit the work to beadvanced between the same between the successive blows of the hammer,the opposing faces of the hammer and anvil being relatively inclined insuch manner that the face of the hammer at the receiving end of themachine is located farthest from the anvil and gradually approaches theanvil toward the discharge end of the machine, whereby the successiveblows delivered by the hammer to the rivet as the work is advancedbeneath the hammer are of substantially equal force notwithstanding theshortening of the rivet.

2. A riveting-machine comprising an anvil, an oblong hammer, means forgiving motion to the hammer and means for feeding the work beneath thehammer, said hammer having an inclined rive ting-face, it being spacedfarther from the anvil at its front than at its rear end, whereby thesuccessive blows delivered by the hammer to the rivet as the work isadvanced beneath the hammer, are substantially of equal forcenotwithstanding the shortening of the rivet.

3. A riveting-machine comprising an anvil, an oblong hammer beneathwhich the work is designed to be advanced between the successive blowsof the hammer and means for giving motion to the hammer, said hammerhaving a riveting-face which is longitudinally inclined relatively tothe upper face of the anvil, the advance end of the face being farthestfrom the anvil and formed with a series of closely-spaced teeth orprojections, and the rear end of said hammer-face being made plain,whereby the successive blows delivered by the hammer to the rivet, asthe work is advanced beneath the hammer, are substantially of equalforce notwithstanding the shortening of the rivet.

t. A riveting-machine comprising an oblong anvil, an oblong hammer,means for giving motion to said hammer constructed toimpart to thehammer, as a whole, strokes always .of

equal length, said hammer having an inclined riveting-face, it beingspaced farther from the anvil at its end thereof which first strikes therivet than at its other end, the advance portion of the face beingprovided with a plurality of closely-spaced teeth or projections and theother part being made plain, and means for advancing the Work beneathsaid hammer.

5. A riveting-machine comprising an oblong anvil, an oblong hammer,means for giving motion to said hammer, and front and rear pairs offeed-rollers for advancing the Work over the anvil beneath the hammer,said hammer being provided with a riveting-face that is inclined to theanvil, the advance portion of said riveting-face being provided withteeth or projections and spaced farthest from the anvil and theremaining portion of said face being made plain.

6. A riveting-machine comprising an oblong anvil, an oblong hammer, andmeans for giving motion to said hammer, front and rear pairs offeed-rollers, said rollers being provided with registering annulargrooves to permy invention 1 aliix my signature, in presence oftwowitnesses, this 25th day of April, A. D. 1904:.

CHARLES H. FENTON. Witnesses:

WILLIAM L. HALL, G-ERTRU 1) 11 Bare 1 1.

